Major American employment-related laws and regulations Case Study

Major American employment-related laws and regulations - Case Study Example Harassment in the workplace is any form of discrimination that violates Age discrimination in employment Act 1967, American with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963, Pregnancy Discrimination Act and other regulations that aim at prohibiting harassment in workplace (Hemphill & Haines, 1997). Covey (2007) asserts that harassment is unwelcome conduct that is based on color, race, religion, sex, national origin, pregnancy, disability or age and leads to discrimination and unequal opportunities in employment matters. Harassment is outlawed when enduring the offensive conduct is a condition for employment or when the conduct creates a hostile work environment that is considered as intimidating, abusive and hostile to the employee (United States Department of Labor, 2013). Sexual harassment in the workplace includes ‘quid pro quo’ harassment that occurs when employment decisions or treatment is based on submission to unwelc ome sexual conduct or hostile work environment that leads to unwelcome sexual conduct of customers, supervisors, and contractors (Dale, 2005). Some behaviors that perpetuate unlawful sexual environment include commenting on the physical attributes of the employee, unnecessary touching, discussing sexual activities and displaying of sexually suggestive pictures.   In this case, the Department of Labor (DOL) policy prohibits all forms of harassment in the workplace and the employer must implement a harassment policy. that facilitates reporting and investigation of instances of the unlawful behaviors that contribute to harassment (LeMoncheck & Hajdin, 1997). Harassment hinders employee productivity through increased turnover and absenteeism. In addition, harassment negatively affects the organizational reputation and may lead to costly legal suits (Weizer, 2002). Pamodoro Ltd must ensure the workplace is free from any materials that are sexually offensive such as graffiti and nude po sters. The management must implement a strong anti-harassment policy and provide training to the employees, customers and suppliers. The policy must prohibit sexual jokes, comments on person’s body or sex life, sexually demeaning comments, sexually suggestive gifts, touching or patting in a sexual manner, or blocking a co-workers movement (Badgett & Frank, 2007). According to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2013), the management must pr

Small Business Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Small Business Management - Assignment Example Studying the data of the online sales of large chain stores like Gap cannot provide an accurate assessment of the situation faced by startup ventures in the E commerce. A better approach would be to case study analysis on small vendors who are operating in the same kind of clothing categories as the planned clothing store and see the strategies they have picked out which led to either success or failure. Further secondary information can be gathered from analysis done by research companies on E-commerce, expectation of profitability for online clothing stores and such topic for a prescribed fee. Some primary research can also be conducted either on the marketing strategy or the tastes and preferences of customers through interviews or surveys. These would indicate what type of apparel are the customers looking for, what kind of service they expect from an online store and help judge how far can you satisfy their need. The research is an essential component of designing a suitable mar keting strategy and more extensive research would steer the strategy towards success. Any cost incurred in conducting the research should be considered as investment. 2. In designing the marketing strategy the first question is what kind of segmentation the clothing line is going to target. After the strategy has been identified, it becomes easier to organize resources and marketing campaigns towards your core customers increasing the chances of customer acquirement and retention: Unsegmented strategy: Followed by clothing stores with either a uniform range of clothes (plain Jeans or category like headwear) or with large margins available to cater to the masses; their customers could be from all walks of life but some characteristics could be as follows: Availability of disposable income not necessary. Single individuals or Families in need of regular new clothes Comfortable with social outings (like shopping) Have an interest in advertising, can be persuaded for a trial purchase Mu ltisegment Strategy: In this strategy, the clothing line would be designed to appeal to certain different kind of segments only and these are the customers that will be targeted by the company. Considering a clothing line with economical, casual clothes as well as trendy clothes for ‘tweens’ there can be two different groups of customers targeted: A. Economical, casual clothes B. Trendy clothes for ‘tweens’ Middle aged males or females Most probably part of a family unit, with kids Working full time or part time Have a casual social life, with kids or family Mid tier income level Emergency savings but low amount of disposable income Time conscious Would be persuaded to purchase clothes if it is convenient and seems like a good bargain Children and teenagers from ages 11-16 Coming for mid and upper tier income families Have a monthly allowance Allowed to choose own clothes Interested in pop culture and latest fashions Concerned about their image their clothi ng portrays Parents are primary earners May be able to use ‘nag factor’ to persuade parents Single-segment strategy: Also known as ‘concentrated’ or ‘niche’ strategy it is adopted by firms with a low amount of recourses to spend on marketing or a unique product which can only be marketed to a single segment of customers.

Critiquing Internet Sources Essay Example for Free

Critiquing Internet Sources Essay The internet is filled with information. Podcasts, videos, and blogs are the most used forms of information on the internet. Three factors that need to be used when evaluating internet sources for use in research are authority, can the speaker be authenticated, and is he qualified to speak on the subject, accuracy, can the information be found in other credible sources, and currency is the information current or when was the last revision to the page? The topic is Elder Abuse, a blog, video, and podcast, have been evaluated pertaining to the subject to show the credibility and reliability of the sources. A blog is a website containing a writer’s or group of writers’ own experiences, observations, opinions, etc., and often having images and links to other websites (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). The blog Elder Care and Technology is written by a group of writers’ in the Walton Law Firm. The blog explains in detail the impact of modern technology on Elder Abuse. The law firm based in San Diego, California specializes in court cases representing abused elders and their families. The Law firm can be authenticated and has been successful in prosecuting and retaining damages against nursing homes and personal care homes for years (Walton Law Firm, 2014). The blog does show some bias against people and organizations accused of elder abuse. The information in the blog is accurate and valid, because there are links to the law firm site that confirm the blog’s content. The information is current and applicable to the topic of Elder Abuse. A video is the recording, reproducing, or broadcasting of moving visual images (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). The video Elder Abuse: the Crime of the Twenty-First Century, was produced by The Stein Institute for Research on Aging. The guest speaker is Deputy District Attorney of San Diego County; Paul Greenwood J.D. Attorney Greenwood has prosecuted over  four-hundred felony cases of Elder Abuse, both physic al and financial. The video gives a detailed explanation of what is being done in the state of California to combat Elder Abuse. The speaker is biased towards the prosecuting of those who mistreat the elderly. Attorney Greenwood is a valid source and the information he shares in the video is applicable to this research. The video shares information that can be found in other resources and is just one in a series offered by The Stein Institute for Research on Aging to show the new ideas that the state of California is implementing to fight elder abuse. District Attorney Greenwood is a credible source for information because of his background in the fight against elder abuse. The video is informative and the speaker is clear and concise in his reporting of the facts. A podcast is a digital audio file made available on the internet for downloading to a computer or portable media player, typically as a series, new installments of which can be received by subscribers automatically (Oxford Dictionaries, 201 5). The New York City Elder Abuse center has a series of podcasts about Elder Justice. The center was erected in 2009 to improve professional, organizational, and system responses to elder abuse (NYCEAC, 2013). The most current podcast in the aging series is Ageism, Elder Justice, and The Legacy Project, each podcast has a guest speaker and the speaker on this podcast is Professor Karl Pillemer, a noted author, Director of Bronfenbrenner’s Center for Translational Research, Hazel E. Reed Professor in the Department of Human Development, Professor of Gerontology in Medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical Center, and a collaborator on the Legacy Project (Cornell University, 2015). Professor Pillemer is an expert on the issues of the elderly, and his qualified to express his opinions though somewhat biased in favor of the elderly. He uses his bias in a way that expresses the deep concern for the elderly and their treatment, which tends to sway one to favor his arguments. The podcast is one in a series of valid podcasts and the information is easily applied to this research. The information can also be found in other credible sources on the internet. The information given in blogs, videos, and podcasts are great examples of web-based information. Web-based information has a major influence on how students gather information for research, global citizenship, and multicultural understanding. Web-based information helps develop intercultural literacies that students, parents,  educators, and leadership groups need to live and work as a diverse and globalized population. Web-based information gives the user awareness of the interconnectedness with people and environments around the globe (Department of Education, 2013). Web-based information is being infused in today’s global history classroom curriculum to enable students to have access to the global network of multimedia information while being engaged in self-directed learning activities (Scheidel, 2003). Web-based information influences the understanding of global citizenship and multicultural understanding, because people are able to put themselves in the position of the citizens of foreign countries, which helps them broaden their understanding of the different cultures that they meet right here in the United States, and helps us understand the complexities of ethnicity and culture (Hickling, 2012). Elder Abuse is a subject that has recently been raised by different organizations and advocates that fight for the elderly and their rights. The different blogs, videos, and podcasts, are ways that a researcher can find the relevant information they need to learn more about the subject and the policies being used to combat elder abuse. The internet is the leading source of information in society today. The information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts are all perfect ways to get and exchange information. The credibility and relevance of the information should be easy to prove and sh ould always be authenticated when using these methods for research. References Ageism, Elder Justice The Legacy Project (April 22, 2014). Retrieved from: http://podgallery.org/elder-justice-podcast-series/ January10, 2015 Cornell University College of Human Ecology (2015). Karl Pillemer-Bio Retrieved from: http://www.human.cornell.edu/bio.cfm?netid=kap6 January 11, 2015 Department of Education and Early Childhood Development Education for Global and Multicultural Citizenship: A Strategy for Victorian Government Schools 2009-2013. Retrieved from: http://www.education.vic.gov.au/studentlearning/programs/multicultural/default.htm. January 11, 2015. Elder Abuse: The Crime of the Twenty-First Century? Research on Aging MAY 5, 2014 University of California Television (UCTV) Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JoUapRfjZw January 10, 2015. Elder Care and Technology By Walton Law Firm http://www.nursinghomeabuselawyerblog.com/2014/05/elder-care-technology.html Hickling, F.W. (2012). Understanding Patients in Multicultural Settings: A Personal Reflection on Ethnicity and Culture in Clinical Practice. Ethnicity Health, 17(1/2), 203-216. Doi:10. 1080/ 13557858.2012 655266. Retrieved from: Ashford University Library, January 14, 2015. Oxford University Press (2015) http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/ Scheidet, R.A. (2003). Improving Student Achievement by Infusing a Web-Based Curriculum into Global History. Journal Of Research on Technology in Education. International Society for Technology in Education, 36(1), 77-94. Retrieved from: Ashford University Library, January 14, 2015.

Importance of Vision and Mission Statement

Importance of Vision and Mission Statement The vision of any organization at some future time shows very small image of any organization. Normally it is make or set for the organization, that what is the organization plans for future or upcoming, basically the purpose of vision to find something. Mission statement shows the exact purpose of the organization. This statement is primary objective of the organization to show the plans, aims and programs of the company. A mission statement is bit different from the vision statement. Values are the basically principles of thoughts which help us to understand and predict an individual or group level actions. Normally values of any organization define and describe the nature as well as stand for the organization, to operate the organization it establishes, the rule of conduct it describes the organization values in a very authentic images that how you will easily apply on a running organization. According to Weyerhaeuser what a vision statement means in the introduction to the companys statement, our vision and our values. An organization vision statement present the upcoming or future desire which is valid and it should must be go on and never ever should be change with each cycle of an organization. According to Meridian Bancorp our vision is meridians statement of core values that defines the companys culture and the meridian way of working. According to Stephen Covey if you dont set your goals based upon your Mission Statement, you may be climbing the ladder of success only to realize, when you get to the top, youre on the wrong building A clear mission statement also focus on what are the advantages which is you are offering to your patrons as well as consumers it also tells you exact purpose of your organization. Benefits/Importance Of Vision Mission Statement A good mission statement is like a born of success for the organization. It is very for the companies to find out the ways and also do the regular confirmation whether company or organization is on the right way or not. A purpose of a clear mission statement to an organization to align the people as well as merge all the individuals activities in to the group. It also tells to the organization employee whether they are doing work is important or worthwhile. A clear statement describes the importance of work to the organization. It can change the thinking for the improvement of the organization and give the ancillary customer services to their customers. Mission has the value that it gives the change in any organization from time to time. Normally mission statement of any organization describes the primary objectives as well as purposes. The primary function of this statement in the company is internal to evaluate the business key and company success as well as stockholders and team of leader. The purpose of vision statement to define the company purpose, this statement do not measure the bottom line of the company but vision statement measures the values of the company as well as values tells to the company leaders how things should be done. This statement is also communicates the aims and values of the company. Vision statement gives direction to the employees that how they can provide their best and ancillary the customers Vision and mission statement helps to the company where company wants to go, these statement very helpful to focus that what is done and what should be done. Mission and vision statement gives high energy to the company for attain or set the goals, these statements requires a lot of time to write, through mission and vision statement you can easily achieve the values. A mission statement without vision statement is like nothing. Basically a mission statement defines the proper aim and activities of the company which is very important for its vision. The aims of both statements are to address and achieve the important and major goals of the company or organization. It is very hard without vision and mission statement for any company to achieve their goals or aims. So these statements are the born of the companies. Another important benefit of the mission and vision statement also helpful to visible companies strategic plans, these statement have all the vital mechanism for the future propel of any company. Both statements are very helpful for guiding and communicate in the company or organization. Mission Vision Statements Communication Adoption By The Staff The executive of any company visibly defines the mission statement to all the staff. The seniority leaders of any company defines the vision statement which is properly based on market review, satisfactions of consumer as well evaluate the capabilities of the company.,/ The vision of the company is very simple, little and comprehensive to all employees of the company. The vision and mission statement undoubtedly and simply communicates to all employees about their jobs and performance. Mission and vision statement is very helpful and guide to all employees to achieve the goals. When the senior leaders of the company change these statements they also tell to their employees how to achieve the goals and ancillary of customers. Many companies have different channels to communicate to the employees and through these channels they dedicate company vision and mission to their employees. In some circumstances vision and mission statement also communicate between employees and chief executive officers. These statements are also very helpful to improve the staff performance as well as give training to the staff. Many companies call the meeting to the all employees and tell about the vision and mission statement. Staff through vision and mission statement can easily understand their job and better perform. These statements is also obliging to the promotion of the staff Basically vision and mission statements ancillary the staff, improve the work, and very helpful for staff. Implementation Of Vision Mission Statement On Different Programs Corporate Strategy The corporate strategy starts through vision and Mission statement can b accessed by culture, core values and its core values on which it competes. Mission statement tells where stands of the corporation in present, and the purpose of vision statement is it shows where will be the corporation in future. Mission statement describes us that what we want to do as well as who we are? It states about the capabilities, future targeted customers and future line up. Long term decisions are described in strategic visions. It tells about the corporation future plannings i.e. the technology prospect and targeted location. To depart yours self from competitors, mission and strategies plays a crucial role and defines its mission for the future. Strategic Investment Plans It is accepted worldwide vision and mission statement are very effective and vital for the strategic planning of any company. The strategic plans and mission statement of the company to check and determine about the unity themes and also improved the response which come from customers and shared vision, and pass this information to the company executives are responsible to implement this vision for achieving their goals. This is very helpful to the company strategic vision and investment to promote the value of the company or business. The another advantage of this is very suitable for the decision making of the company purchase as well as this exercise you can easily implement on the new management of the company. This exercise also ancillary the new management and gives them to time as well as good opportunity to understand the investment values and about the cost saving. This will help to evaluate the company effectiveness and efficiency. Vision and mission statements state the company or business how you invest and after invest what you will get. Basically these statement is also very help to create the plans of investment and strategy of the company. The company can achieve the goals and aims with the investment. These statements are the born of every plans. Such kinds of statements give you core ideas and the purpose of your business and company. Tesco Example Now a day Tesco is going to develop economically new towns in the United Kingdom. So the vision of Tesco in investment and strategic plan is to generate new supermarkets, new housing, cycle tracks, visitor centre etc, with the help of this vision Tesco can easily achieve their goals and aims, which will increase the Tesco profit, so vision is very helpful for investment planning and strategic planning as we saw in the Tesco vision. Constant Change The constant change is not occurs in vision and mission statement for many years. It changes in such circumstances when significant change seem is essential. The new vision and mission statements design the company executives. If you are thinking to change vision and mission statement of your company first you should have to change your planning because vision and mission statement varies or relies on your company planning. The vision and mission statement arises in the meeting of management when they are discussing about the strategic planning of the company. Such sort of statements shows the whole position of the company and where the heading of the company. Vision and mission statements also describe company matters and what company is acting as a control centre as well as what do not do the company. Mission and vision of the company constantly focuses for all the managers as well as it shows the direction and hold or maintain when in some circumstances the individual objective are changed. So constant change in vision and mission statement is bit tuff. Example Constant Change In British Airways In 1997 British Airways launched a new mission statement after a brief discussion with the employees, the management of British airways replaced an existing mission statement, existing statement which is introduced in 1995 to accumulate privatization. Many employees of the company were train and doing their exact jobs. The new mission statement of British air ways quote its basic challenge which the company is facing. They added its new mission statement given below. Ancillary of customers. Consumers desires. The climate of global economic. Competition challenge. Basically we shall say it is the change of mission, strategic plans and vision. The purpose is to make a plat form which lead for the future of the company. The merger of vision and mission statement is very important for those large companies in which staff and managers have right to make decisions themselves, without any permission from seniority management or headquarter of the company. If every member of the staff knows what and where is the purpose of our company, therefore company can easily achieve the goals and objectives. These statements help creating the aims, goals, and target as well as very important to constrain company short term plans and set the budgetary trade off to gain the company long terms goals. Conclusion As the above discussion of vision and mission statement, I conclude that vision and mission statement is very essential for the companies, without vision and mission statement companies have not the goals if there is no goal, how companies can be survive or formulate. As we saw vision and mission statement is a born of every planning and strategy of the companies. These statements also motivate the staff and guide them about their jobs. However we can say that vision and mission statement are the base of the companies. Such kind of statements is very important and very helpful to evaluate the companies or organizational values. However we can judge that without mission and vision statement companies are like flat or prone. Bibliography and References Mary Morel (2003), Promote Your Business: How to Write Effective Marketing Material for Your Small Business, illustrated edition, Allen Unwin, p.4. Jeffery Abrahams (2004), The Mission Statement Book: 301 Corporate Mission Statements From Americas Top Companies, Rev Sub edition, Ten Speed Press, P.16. Hugh Secord (2003), Implementing Best Practices In Human Resources Management, Toronto: CCH Canadian, p.269 William J.Rothwell (2009), Practicing Organization Development: A Guide for Leading Change, 3rd edition, Jossey Bass, p.150-151. Peter Mears, Frank Voehl (1995), The Executive Guide to Implementing Quality Systems, 1st edition, CRC Press, p.32. Mark Graham Brown (2004), How to Interpret the Baldige Criteria for Performance Excellence, 13th edition, Productivity Press, p.106. John Miltenburg (2005), Manufacturing strategy: How to Formulate and Implement a Winning Plan, 2nd edition, Productivity Press, p.241. Michael Coveney (2003), The Strategy Gap: Leveraging Technology to Execute Winning Strategies, 1st edition, Wiley, p.160. Julie Hyde, Frances E. Cooper (2001), Managing the Business of Health Care, illustrated edition, Bailliere Tindall, p.101. Nigel Evans, David, Campbell, George Stonehouse (2003), Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism, 1st edition, butterworth-Heinemann, p.17. Emil Angelica (2001), Crafting Effective Mission and Vision Statements, Saint Paul, Minn, p.4. Cynthia Weishapple (2001), Introduction to Legal Nurse Consulting,Delmar Cengage Learning, p.71-72 Marieke K. De Mooij (2009), Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes, Third edition, Sage Publications, p.270.

The Role of Religion in Elementary & Secondary Education Essay

Freedom of Religion is a liberty considered by many Americans to be one of the defining aspects of their country, but a line is drawn when one person’s freedom infringes upon another's. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.† â€Å"With those words, in the First Amendment to the Constitution, the fledgling United States of America became the first nation to place into law the notion that religious beliefs were a private matter for individuals who had the legal right to freedom of conscience, and that no government had the right or authority to dictate what religious opinions people shall or shall not hold.†1 â€Å"What schools need is a moment of science†. I laugh at the bumper sticker as I pull into my high school’s parking lot. The controversy of public school prayer has not struck my particular school, but it is still prominent in my mind. For decades, many schools have allowed for a moment of silent prayer in the beginning of the day – a time for reflection or meditation – and some have even led deliberately Christian-oriented prayer services over the PA systems. My school would open each class with a recitation of â€Å"Let us remember that we are in the holy presence of God†, and then offer prayers to anyone who had intentions. Then again, my school is a private, Catholic organization, and can pray however it wants to. Public schools are another question. Prayer was largely removed from public schools back in 1967 – but the influence still remained, it seems. Nowadays, lobbyists are convinced that freedom of religion also implies freedom fr om religion, should the individual choose it, and so they are working towards erasing the â€Å"under God† from the Pledge of Allegia... ...consisting entirely of a profound natural respect), the purpose of environmental service learning in religion courses becomes lost in somewhat muddled metaphors. Theoretically, this entire debacle could be avoided if biology teachers simply said, â€Å"evolution happened. Now, whether or not there was a god behind it depends on your personal preference†. Specific religions, as mandated by the notion of separation of church and state, should not play any role in public education. To compensate, schools should facilitate spiritual, environmental projects to bolster the students’ appreciation for nature without the convoluted religious facet. While Congress can make no law infringing on a citizen’s right to believe, it can limit a religion’s practices, and therefore has every Constitutional right to explicitly forbid the mention of divinity in a public school classroom.

Capital Punishment: The Correct Alternative Essay -- Argumentative Per

Capital Punishment: The Correct Alternative      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today there is a big controversy over capital punishment whether or not it works or if it is morally right. Before I go on capital punishment, in America, is only used in felony cases such as murder or a felony buglary, where there was a unintended murder because of a robbery. People who favor the death penalty say that the criminals deserve it and is the only way for justice to be served. People who are against it, the death penalty, say that it is immoral, that no person should be sentenced to death, it has no place in a civilized society, and that since the death penalty cannot be racially bias it should be banished. Capital punishment is justified by several means. First of all, it greatly discourages violent crimes like murder and rape. Many murderers are not serving most--if even half--of their sentences nowadays, due to early parole or overcrowded prisons. If a murderer is sentenced to life imprisonment, not only does it cost the taxpayers money to support the m but often their life in the jail is often better than that which some citizens live everyday. These first two facts encourage crime rather than impede them. Also, a person who commits murder deserves a punishment that fits the crime committed. Premeditated murder, being the most vile crime committed, calls for the only fit punishment-- death. I am referring only to murderers getting the death penalty, and not necessarily any other crimes like rape or buglary.    There are now currently thirty-seven states that have the death penalty. Even the military has the death penalty. The other states, most of them in the Midwest and Northeast have abolished it. The only two states to not ever have the death penal... ...manner that gives society the message that it is living in a just world. Moreover, the death penalty is not racially biased, it's just that more minorities are being executed than Caucasians, because more minorities are committing more crimes. If capital punishment is taken away, we will not have an effective justice system and crimes against innocent citizens will continue. This is why capital punishment is necessary and needed in America.       Works Cited 1. " The Death Penalty." 3/01/95 (date retrieved). 2. Hugo Adam Bedau. "The Case Aginst The Death Penalty.". July 1992. 3. "Double Justice: Race and the Death Penalty.". 3/01/95 (date retrieved). 4. "Slaughterhouse Justice." Village Voice 11 Oct. 1994: 23-24. 5. " Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of those Facing the Death Pealty.". 3/01/95 (date retrieved).   

The Multiple Intelligence Theory

Developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardener, a professor at the very prestigious Harvard University, the multiple intelligence theory states that testing a person’s intelligence through IQ tests is very restricting. In his very popular work, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence, Dr. Howard Gardner cited eight kinds of intelligence that are innate in men- linguistic intelligence (â€Å"word smart†); logical-mathematical intelligence (â€Å"number/reasoning smart†); spatial intelligence (â€Å"picture smart†); bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (â€Å"body smart†); musical intelligence (â€Å"music smart†); interpersonal intelligence (â€Å"people smart†); intrapersonal intelligence (â€Å"self smart†); and naturalist intelligence (â€Å"nature smart†) (Armstrong, 2000). Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Those who possess the logical-mathematical intelligence would usually end up as a scientist or mathematician. They are mostly sensitive to and have the capacity to differentiate logical and numerical patterns (Gardner & Hatch, 1989, being well versed with everything that has something to do with logic, abstractions, inductive and deductive reasoning and most of all, numbers. Because of this, they are said to be excellent in mathematics, chess, computer programming and other activities that involves numbers and logic (WIkipedia.org). They also have the ability to handle long chains of reasoning (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Linguistic Intelligence Those who possess this form of intelligence on the other hand are most likely to end up as poets and journalists for it has got something to do with words, be it spoken or written. These are the people who are sensitive to sounds, rhythms and of course, the meanings of different words. Likewise, these people are very knowledgeable in the different functions of language (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). They are good in reading, writing and even telling stories. At the same time, they are good in memorizing dates and words (Wikipedia.org, 2007). They rely on taking notes, reading, listening to lectures, discussions and debates as their primary source of knowledge. These people are said to learn foreign languages easily, having a very high verbal memory and the capacity to understand the structure of words and sentences. Musical Intelligence People having musical intelligence tend to become composers, violinist, musicians, singers, etc. They have the ability to produce and at the same time, appreciate rhythm, pitch and timbre together with the appreciation of the different forms through which music is expressed (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Those who also possess this kind of intelligence tend to learn and memorize different types of information through the use of music. More often than not, they work efficiently and effectively with music playing in the background (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Spatial Intelligence Possessing this kind of intelligence, a person may end up as a navigator, sculptor as they are good in visualizing and mentally manipulating objects (Wikipedia.org, 2007). With this perception comes their accuracy in performing transformation based on their perceptions (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Body-Kinesthetic Intelligence Those who possess this kind of intelligence, on the other hand end up as athletes or dancers, as this has something to do with movement. People who are intelligent based on this often prefer activities that make use of body movements, which make them also good in building and making things. They remember things through their body, making use of what is known as muscle memory (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Interpersonal Intelligence Possessing this type of intelligence makes one individual a future therapist or salesman, having the capacity to respond to the moods, temperaments, motivations and desires of other people (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989).   They are usually extroverts who excel so much in interacting with others. Intrapersonal Intelligence They end up to be a person with detailed, accurate, self knowledge that could access one’s feelings and be able to draw them in guiding behavior, strengths, weaknesses, etc (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Education and the Multiple Intelligence Theory The concept of intelligence permeates our day to day lives just like any other psychological concept. Before completing and even entering an institute of education, students are asked to complete and aptitude exam that would measure their intelligence quotient or IQ that could determine their preparedness and capacity to learn in institutions like the one they are applying in. Intelligence tests have been a very important tool that is being used in most educational institutions that place a very high importance on the relationship between intelligence and education (Wagner & Sternberg, 1984) According to Dr. Gardner, most of the schools and cultures tend to focus more on the linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences of its pupils thus raising the self esteem levels of individuals who are well versed in their language, of individuals who know so much about math, individuals who are expert in reasoning. The different cultures and societies fail to recognize the achievements and intelligence of those people who have display other types of intelligence- the artists, architects, musicians, designers, athletes, and those other who truly show their importance in the other aspects of the society (Armstrong, 2000). It is also because of the societies focus on the linguistic and logical-mathematic intelligence that schools are unable to address the needs of students who are not gifted with these kinds of intelligence. Unfortunately, those who have not been giving due recognition for the intelligence they have [as they possess other kinds of intelligence apart from those society deems very important] usually suffer ADD or Attention Deficit Disorder (Armstrong, 2000). As Gardner reiterated in his study of MI theory, an individual is mechanically equipped with unique intelligence to cope up in a diverse cultural society. It provides students with options to success and recognition for whatever talents they have. Linguistic intelligence and personal intelligence gives great opportunities for individuals in a globally competitive society. The structural views of education are now diverse in regarding intelligence out of just the normal scope of intelligence. The multiple intelligence theory is said to be a threat to formal education, a death knell as they say, believing that teaching to address a single kind of intelligence is already hard. However, most schools have actually responded positively to Gardner’s theory as it is said to validate educator’s everyday experience, recognizing the difference in the way students think and learn. At the same time, educators have recognized the possession of the seven kinds of intelligence as a necessity in living life well. It is for this reason that teachers are being called to attend to all kinds of intelligence, not just the two kinds of intelligence traditionally addressed by educators and educational institutions (Smith, 2002). MI is a means to foster high quality work. MI should be used as a tool to promote a high quality of education instead of just a theory (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also encouraged to learn beyond the four walls of the classroom, in preparing them for the real world. They are equipped with facts that they could apply in their day-to-day lives. Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has inspired a lot of schools to undergo educational reforms that could help raise the quality of education. According to Thomas Armstrong (2000), several methods have been incorporated in teaching academic topics. For example, the study of the law of supply and demand in economics does not just involve linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences such as studying by reading about it and the mathematical expressions by which the law is expressed. In the study, spatial intelligence is also incorporated through examination of graphic charts, observing the laws of the natural world (naturalist), the human world of commerce (interpersonal), the law in terms of one’s own body (bodily-kinesthetic and intrapersonal) or even the writing/finding a song that proves the accuracy of the law of supply and demand. It is for this reason that numerous schools have redesigned their curriculum to satisfy the needs of the people possess different types of intelligence. Arts PROPEL, in the US have developed a series of modules that serve the goals of the curriculum as well as the needs of its students. MI is a means to foster high quality work. Using MI as a tool to promote high quality student work rather than using the theory as an end in and of itself (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also provided not only to think inside of the boundaries of the classroom but rather prepare them in the real world and set them in more ways than one. One which is only equipped with facts but not able to apply it in situations he or she faces. In the same way, Patricia Bolanos designed a public school in Indianapolis that supports the multiple intelligence theory. The curriculum is designed in such a way that it helps in finding the kind of intelligence a student is said to be possessing and at the same time, guide them in enriching what they have. Through the different steps that these schools have taken, they have in a way, considered the role of people who exhibit other kinds of intelligence. At the same time, the theory of multiple intelligence has become of vital importance to language teachers as it has allowed them to examine their teaching methods and how it effectively caters the need of their students. Different approaches shall be used in order to address the intelligence profiles of the students. Once again, the said theory has been responsible in enhancing the curriculum design, lesson planning and program development of various schools (Zulkuf Altan, 2001). Conclusion The rise of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has lead to different reactions by the academe and psychologists, considering its importance in every day lives. Schools require students to meet a certain score in their achievement tests before allowing them to enter into their respectable institutions. It showed the society that other intelligences, aside the two traditional ones that have been regarded as important in the society is important and should also be taken into consideration. Students have different interests, react to different subject matters and topics and of course, adopt different ways of taking in information (Gardner, 1995).. It is for this reason that educational institutions nowadays have readjusted their curriculum, in their hopes to cater to artistic, musical, body intelligences, etc. It is believed that it is only through this that schools could properly respond to the needs of their students having possessed a different type of intelligence, aside from the traditional, more popular ones (Gardner, 1995). With the multiple intelligence theory, various learning-styles have been built on particular sense modalities such as auditory, visual and kinesthetics, believing that it is only through this that educators may transmit the lesson and information to the brains of their students without giving them a hard time, giving them the access to information that could best meet their needs (Gardner, 1995). REFERENCES Armstrong, T. (2000). Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved October 21, 2007 From http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm Klein, P.D. (1997). Multiplying the Problems of Intelligence by Eight: A Critique of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gardner’s Theory. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. (1995). Multiple Intelligences as a Catalyst. English Journal Vol. 84 No.8. p.8. retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. and Hatch, T. (1989) Multiple Intelligence Go to School Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implications  Ã‚  Ã‚   of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, by Howard Gardner. Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researcher.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Volume 8. No. pp.4-10. Retrieved October 21, 2007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database Smith, Mark. (2002). Howard gardner, multiple intelligences and education.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved October 20, 2007 from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2007). Multiple intelligences, Retrieved on  Ã‚   October 20, 2007 from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences Zulkuf Altan, M. (2001). Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Century, Review. TESOL Quarterly: Vol. 35, No. 1, p. 35. Retrieved October 21,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database